Vol 8, No 1 (2025)

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) 3+ in less than 5 % of breast cancer tumor cells is both a diagnostic and therapeutic paradox. Although these tumors are currently considered HER2-negative, cases of tumor response to targeted anti-HER2 therapy have been described, and progress in molecular profiling supports a more nuanced and personalized approach to this group of tumors.

Meningioma of the lung is a casuistically rare pathology. Typical clinical and radiological features, variants of the morphological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of lung meningioma are described in this article. A clinical case is presented in which the tumor was initially regarded as a malignant solitary fibrous tumor and an atypical lung carcinoid.

A rare case of silicone-associated lymphadenopathy involving multiple bilateral lymph nodes in a 44-year-old patient after augmentation mammoplasty with silicone implants is presented. Despite the growing popularity of the use of breast implants for both aesthetic and reconstructive purposes, silicone-associated lymphadenopathy is a rare entity, and therefore the correct clinical and pathological diagnosis can be difficult.

The terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU) is the structural and functional unit of the mammary gland that serves as the origin of many malignant epithelial neoplasms, including precancerous conditions such as ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ. Studying the normal morphology of TDLU is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of tumor development. Since the 2000s, no large-scale studies on the normal lobule structure have been conducted. This review summarizes current and previously presented data on the normal structure of TDLU.

This article presents an assessment of the capabilities of cytological diagnostics for skin neoplasms. An analysis of data from four institutions for the period 2020-2023 is conducted, highlighting controversies that exist in routine clinical practice and complicate the work of cytologists. Two classification options for skin cytopathology are proposed, potentially enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of laboratory services and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration.

Introduction. In modern pathological anatomy, the dominant pre-mortem histopathological diagnosis requires health management professionals and specialists in the Pathological Anatomy Service to ensure proper laboratory organization, with particular attention paid to laboratory safety and research quality. Aim. To analyze laboratory safety and research quality issues at Pathology Department (PD) of National Center for Neurosurgery (NCN). Materials and methods. The structure of PD of NCN, standard operating procedures of PD, and safety reports for the buildings of NCN were examined. The main research methods include informational-analytical, functional, and expert analyses. Results. Issues of laboratory safety and research quality at PD of NCN are addressed on an ongoing basis at all stages of the research process (pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases), in accordance with the developed laboratory safety program, standard operating procedures, and quality indicators. Safety and quality control in laboratory diagnostics in pathology are integral parts of healthcare control. Conclusion. The laboratory operates in compliance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the developed laboratory safety program, standard operating procedures, and quality indicators. To ensure the quality of laboratory work, the entire process of preparing histological specimens has been automated and standardized. Quality indicators for histopathological diagnosis should be viewed as a tangible contribution of clinical pathology to the protection of public health. Both internal and external audits of histological specimens and reports should be carried out. Noncompliance with laboratory safety rules and research quality standards directly affects the quality of histopathological diagnosis, with serious consequences for patient health.