Vol 7, No 2 (2024)

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) was first described in 1973 by A.G. Huvos et al. and was defined as breast carcinoma with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components. To date, the incidence of MBC ranges from 0.25 to 1 % of all breast cancer cases diagnosed annually, and is a heterogeneous group of invasive carcinomas consisting of 2 or more cell types, usually a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Due to the low frequency of its occurrence and morphological variability, clinical characteristics, prognostic significance and optimal treatment methods are unclear and contradictory. In the modern literature, there are several studies and case reports describing patients' symptoms and clinical and pathological parameters. In general, MBC is considered to be more aggressive with poorer clinical outcomes even compared to triple negative breast cancer. However, data on treatment options, especially for this type of breast cancer, as well as treatment outcomes are scarce. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the existing literature on morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of MBC associated with the prognosis of the disease.

SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcoma is an extremely rare undifferentiated tumor with mutation in the SMARCA4 gene. In this article, we present an interesting clinical case with a uterine tumor with widespread metastases.

The review presents the revised The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology 2022, highlighting anticipated structural updates from the initial 2016 edition. Notably, the category of low-grade urothelial neoplasia, which posed recognition challenges for cytologists, has been eliminated. Additionally, new data on malignancy risks for each category are presented, with an emphasis on squamous epithelial lesions of the urinary tract, the preanalytical phase, and supplementary diagnostic techniques.

Herein we report on a rare case of encapsulated follicular thyroid tumor with necrosis and high mitotic rate classified as a high grade differentiated carcinoma in accordance with criteria of the 2022 World Health Organization classification, but without obvious signs of invasive growth. We discuss adequate capsular samples to be examined, diagnostic criteria of tumor invasion, as well as clinical behavior of encapsulated follicular carcinoma with high grade features.