Vol 7, No 1 (2024)

Aim. This review is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological characteristics and prognosis of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) and to focus on recent published data on the tumor immune microenvironment. ACC is a rare malignant endocrine tumor from cells of the adrenal cortex with an incidence of 0.7-2 cases per 1 million population per year. Due to difficulties in diagnosis, ACC is detected already at the stage of metastasis, which limits the possibilities of surgical intervention and implies an unfavorable prognosis. The composition of the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the development of strategies for immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer. One component of the tumor microenvironment is immune cells, the presence of which is often associated with a better prognosis for patients. Different subpopulations of immunocytes may have different effects on tumor growth: they can both stimulate and suppress tumor progression depending on the spectrum of cytokines they produce. Conclusion. The use of single-cell analysis to assess the immune microenvironment opens up new prospects for understanding the mechanisms of disease development and progression, as well as for developing more effective immunotherapy strategies.

Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among women around the world. So far, surgical intervention has been the primary method of treating it. Therefore, the information obtained by a pathology surgeon is of critical importance for treating physicians for assessment of the surgical treatment performed and establishing the further treatment plan. The most essential criteria to be reported in the summary of the findings by the pathology surgeon are the stage as per the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors and the radicality of the surgical intervention. The correctness of the assessment of these criteria depends entirely on the quality of the gross examination and selection of items for microscopic examination. This article discusses the key points, rules and particularities of surgical material removal from the mammary gland without neoadjuvant treatment.