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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкопатология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7019</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-3534</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">708441</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2618-7019-2021-4-3-4-10-20</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FHNYBU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews and lectures</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры и лекции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Notochordal tumors: differential diagnosis and prognostic factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли нотохорды: дифференциальный диагноз и факторы прогноза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulycheva</surname><given-names>Irina Vladislavovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булычева</surname><given-names>Ирина Владиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>irena@boulytcheva.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bertoni</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бертони</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baccini</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баччини</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkin</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкин</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvan</surname><given-names>O. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хван</surname><given-names>О. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musaev</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусаев</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushlinskiy</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушлинский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ«Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution>Casa di Cura Villa Erbosa University of Bologna</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3-4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/article/view/708441">https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/article/view/708441</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chordoma is a rare mesenchimal tumor with anusual clinical behavior and morphologic appearance. In the current study we examined 94 cases of chordoma, predominantly localized in sacrum, ages 3-72, 44 men and 50 women. Six cases of dedifferentiated variant of chordoma were revealed. In an effort to clarify the diagnosis and differentiation, the tumor samples of chordoma were examined by immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies. The panel included antibodies to cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (ЕМА), D2-40, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), S-100, brachyury, chromogranin A, TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor), PSA, CDX-2, mammaglobin. The diagnosis of one case of poorly differentiated chordoma was proved by the lack of SMARCB1/INI-1 reactivity. A negative reaction with chromogranin A, D2-40, as well as a reaction with organ-specific proteins (TTF-1, mammaglobin, PSA, CDX-2) made it possible to exclude chordoma and reveal cancer metastases of various localization. Several examples of benign notochordal rests and differential with classic chordoma are proposed in the paper.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хордома представляет собой специфическую мезенхимальную опухоль, гистогенетически связанную с нотохордой, развивающуюся в аксиальном скелете и обладающую своеобразными клиническими и морфологическими проявлениями. по гистологическому строению структурные компоненты хордомы напоминают нотохорду. Изучено 94 случая хордомы крестца, 4 случая хордомы позвоночника и 2 случая хордомы основания черепа у 44 пациентов мужского пола и 50 пациентов женского пола в возрасте от 3 до 72 лет. в 6 наблюдениях диагностирована дедифференцированная форма заболевания, в 1 наблюдении низкодифференцированный вариант хордомы. Важным в диагностике хордомы оказался иммуногистохимический метод, выявляющий экспрессию цитокератинов, эпителиального мембранного антигена (ЕМА), глиального фибриллярного кислого протеина (GFAP), S-100, брахиури. Диагностика низкодифференцированного варианта хордомы сопровождалась потерей реактивности с маркером SMARCB1/INI-1. Отрицательная реакция с хромогранином A, D2-40, а также реакция с органоспецифическими белками (TTF-1, маммаглобин, PSA, CDX-2) позволяли исключить хордому и выявить метастазы рака различной локализации. Приведен пример дифференциальной диагностики с доброкачественной опухолью нотохорды/рудиментарными островками ткани нотохорды. Описаны редкие варианты опухоли, в том числе низкои дедифференцированный варианты хордомы, а также экстрааксиальный вариант хордомы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>notochorda</kwd><kwd>notochordal tumors</kwd><kwd>chordoma</kwd><kwd>Brachyury</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нотохорда</kwd><kwd>нотохордальная опухоль</kwd><kwd>хордома</kwd><kwd>брахиури</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mitchell A., Scheithauer B.W., Unni K.K. et al. 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