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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Oncopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Oncopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкопатология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-7019</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-3534</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">708418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2619-7019-2018-1-1-24-32</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CLOMDY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Opportunities of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and immunocytochemistry in patients with metastatic brain tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитоморфологическая и иммуноцитохимическая диагностика при метастатических поражениях головного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостикова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>savostikovamv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>L. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Л. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abv@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedoseeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосеева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abv@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Furminskaya</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурминская</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abv@abvpress.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-02-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/about/editorialPolicies</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/article/view/708418">https://oncopathology.abvpress.ru/2618-7019/article/view/708418</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Cerebro-spinal fluid cytology is a “golden standart” for diagnostics of primary and metastatic brain tumors, and allows to increase their detectability along with other contemporary methods. However there are some limitations for cytologic method due to small volume of specimen and sparse cellularity. According to literature sensitivity of cytological diagnosis varies from 41.3 to 60 %, which depends on distance from the brain lesion and leptomeningeal spread degree. Metastatic tumour cells are most commonly diagnosed in cerebrospinal fluid, though primary brain tumours are leading. To detect and define a histologic type of metastatic tumour cells in cerebrospinal fluid and clarify their histogenesis an immunocytochemical (ICC) diagnostic is possible to use. Objective: to evaluate the capability of cytomorphological and ICC diagnostics in metastatic brain lesions. Materials and methods. We performed 86 cytological examinations in 39 patients (11 males and 28females aged between 31 and 69 years) diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 24), lung cancer (n = 6), melanoma (n = 5), uterine cancer (n = 1), pancreatic cancer (n = 1), thyroid cancer (n = 1) and pleomorphic soft tissue liposarcoma (n = 1). Results. After ICC examination, several indeterminate results (5 cases of breast cancer and 1 case of metastatic melanoma) were confirmed to be positive; three samples from patients with breast cancer were found to have false negative cytological results. Therefore, the use of ICC examination increased the sensitivity of cytological diagnostics to 81.5 %. Conclusion. ICC significantly expands the capability of cytomorphological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Цитологическое исследование ликвора является «золотым стандартом» диагностики метастатических поражений головного мозга и, наряду с другими современными методами, позволяет повысить их выявляемость. Однако цитологический метод имеет ряд ограничений ввиду малого объема материала спинномозговой жидкости или ее скудной клеточности. Чувствительность метода при исследовании материала у пациентов с метастазами в головной мозг составляет от 41,3 до 60 %, что зависит от степени удаленности опухоли от места пункции и распространения ее по мозговым оболочкам. Для обнаружения зачастую немногочисленных клеток метастатического образования в ликворе и уточнения их гистогенеза возможно применение иммуноцитохимического (ИЦХ) исследования. Цель исследования - оценить возможности цитоморфологической и ИЦХ-диагностики при метастатических поражениях головного мозга. Материалы и методы. Проведены 86 цитологических исследований 39 пациентам (11 мужчин и 28 женщин, возраст 31-69лет) со следующими диагнозами: рак молочной железы (n = 24), рак легкого (п = 6), меланома (n = 5), рак тела матки, рак поджелудочной железы, рак щитовидной железы и плеоморфная липосаркома мягких тканей (по 1 случаю соответственно). Результаты. Применение ИЦХ-исследования позволило перевести часть сомнительных заключений (5 случаев рака молочной железы, 1 случай метастатической меланомы) и несколько ложноотрицательных заключений (3 случая рака молочной железы) в категорию утвердительных (истинно положительных), что повысило чувствительность цитологической диагностики до 81,5 %. Выводы. ИЦХ-исследование значительно расширяет возможности цитоморфологического анализа ликвора.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrospinal fluid</kwd><kwd>cytology</kwd><kwd>immunocytochemistry</kwd><kwd>metastases</kwd><kwd>brain tumors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинномозговая жидкость</kwd><kwd>цитологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>иммуноцитохимическое исследование</kwd><kwd>метастазы</kwd><kwd>опухоли головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prommel P., Pilgram-Pastor S., Sitter H. et al. Neoplastic meningitis: how MRI and CSF cytology are influenced by CSF cell count and tumor type. ScientificWorld-Journal 2013;2013:248072. PMID: 24453817. DOI: 10.1155/2013/248072.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Glass J.P., Melamed M., Chernik N.L., Posner J.B. 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